What are essential components of a distress signal?

The essential components of a distress signal include raising arms to make oneself visible, using flares to attract attention from far away, and using a whistle to create audible signals that can alert others to your predicament. Each of these methods serves a different purpose: raising arms is a universal sign of distress that can be seen at a distance, flares provide a bright visual signal during the day or night indicating a life-threatening situation, and whistles can carry sound much farther than a voice, especially over water and in windy conditions.

While shouting and waving clothing can be helpful to some extent, these methods lack the reliability and visibility of the items mentioned in the correct answer. Similarly, using a radio or a distress flag alone does not encompass the breadth of signals available; a combination of signals maximizes the chances of being seen and heard by rescuers. Therefore, the items listed in the correct answer represent a comprehensive and effective approach to signaling for help in an emergency on the water.